Income inequality, whether measured before or after taxes has been rising over the last 40 years in the U.S. as shown below. The wealthiest 1 percent have seen their share of income increase to 21 percent pretax and 16 percent post-tax. Europe has also seen an increase in inequality however, the increase is less, and income inequality remains way below U.S. levels. Traditional explanations have suggested that Europe redistributes a greater share of income to the poorest citizens. However, a new paper by economists Blanchet, Chancel, and Gethin (https://www.aeaweb.org/articles?id=10.1257/app.20200703) turns